Paper binding
Saddle-stitched: This is the simplest form of permanent binding. Pages are printed and folded in such a manner so that each section of text to be inserted. The spine is creased and folded to form a square back and wire staples are punched through the cover and text pages from the front to back.
Side stitching: In side stitching the sections are collated in sequence (section-sewn) and staples are then inserted from the side. Side-stitched books have strength but do not lie flat when open.
Covers are usually creased about 5 mm from the spine to provide a hinge (and to cover the staples) the cover is then glued to the spine a short distance round the sides.
Section-sewn with Thread: Sections of pages are gathered side-by-side and sewn, first as sections then as a complete whole. This is the most permanent binding method.
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